In test procedure, the LLR, Λ X), is compared with a threshold Λ NP (X) and the voice is said to be pathological if Λ X) < Λ NP (X) and normal if Λ X) > Λ NP (X). Figure 1 LLR histogram estimated from normal and pathological voices in training procedure.
where the probabilities were based on histograms estimated using three points (e.g.,,, and ): (5).
In the Poisson set-up, there are several ways to select data-driven partitions that lead to adaptive histogram estimates.
where K is the total number of DPD bins for the histogram estimate, and p k is the percentage of DPDs within the k th bin, H(r i r s ) is the Shannon entropy, and Hmax rir s ) is the maximum possible entropy for the given number of bins, which represents a ideal uniform distribution of DPDs.
We estimated the joint position-velocity distributions using a variety of histogram estimates.
When examining histogram estimates of these probability distributions, one needs to exercise care about phase space factors in order to obtain accurate estimates.
Normalizing the gradient magnitude weighted orientation histogram allows estimating the orientation difference across scale differences of images.
A robust alternative to histograms for estimating a probability density function is kernel density estimation (KDE) by [36].
error in field data and model prediction error) based on NFI-estimated AGB, satellite imagery, Cubist machine learning algorithm, and Monte Carlo analyses Fig. 9 a Histogram of field-estimated AGB used for calibration of satellite imagery; b histogram of estimated national forest AGB calibrated with field-AGB; c histogram of uncertainties in AGB map calibrated with field-AGB.
This kind of methods use clustering algorithm to generate histograms, whereas it uses training and test instances in one histogram to estimate the importance.
