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The moment acting at the flap hinges, determined from the soil pressures and shear forces on the keying flap, is quantified.
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An inter-comparison of the CryoSat-2 break in surface slope with independent measurements of the hinge line determined from quadruple-difference SAR interferometry (QDInSAR) shows good overall agreement between techniques, with a mean separation of 4.5 km.
(e) FEM simulation derived curve (blue) and the analytical one (red) determined from the buckling-hinge model are reported.
Resultant stresses at flexural hinges are determined via analytical and finite element analysis method.
The average difference in length between the hinge loops determined by the improved and original methods was small (1.4 residues), and the centers of the determined hinge loops only differed by 0.8 residue on average.
In addition, the range of hinge loops determined by the proposed method corresponded well to the results of manual inspections.
Hinge parameters were determined using data from 45 planar frame sub-assemblage tests.
Note that the pressure in the hinge is not determined by Equation 3, but by imposing hinge area.
The hinge state is determined by a predictor corrector method.
After the above procedures, each candidate hinge loop is determined with an approximate opening point.
For plastic hinge length, the relatively simple equation of ( L_{p} = xh ) proposed by Bayrak and Sheikkh (1997) is used, where x is an experimentally determined parameter ranging from 0.9 to 1.0 and h is the section depth.
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