Bühler and Fratzcak (2007) find a positive effect of social capital on fertility, with this influence being highly parity-specific and particularly strong for second births.
The main idea is to apply iterative decoding to a highly-redundant parity-check (PC) matrix that contains only the minimum-weight dual codewords as rows.
Litter size is also highly correlated with parity, and prediction equations for litter size in parity 2 and 3, based on previous litter size, have been derived [ 16].
Age is highly correlated with parity, and, in some settings, with educational level.
Parity is highly overrated.
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Maternal age and parity were highly correlated (r = 0.94, P < 0.0001).
Age and parity are highly correlated in this population and could not be included together in the models.
Because age at delivery and parity were highly intercorrelated, only the former was retained in the multiple models, where appropriate, because it was a better predictor of TH concentrations in pregnant women.
Study participants were representative with respect to age and parity, but highly educated women and native Dutch women were overrepresented; the limitations of the study are discussed at length by Manniën et al. [ 24].
The most common alternative explanation for secondary reproduction is that semelparous organisms with a recent evolutionary transition from iteroparity to semelparity, or with a highly plastic expression of parity, may display reproduction a second time when the fitness cost of doing so is not high.
