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With particular trade-offs, theory predicts that parasitism could drive disruptive selection, favoring hosts that are either resistant but have reduced fecundity, or susceptible and highly fecund (where the fitness benefits of increased reproduction outweigh the fitness costs of infection; [ 5- 7, 9]).
Mollisols (black soils) are widely distributed in the northeast of China and are considered to be highly fecund and productive (Wei et al. 2008).
Until recently, most family based selective breeding programs for shrimp, and other highly fecund aquaculture species, have been restricted by the number of animals that can be physically tagged and individually selected.
Common carp occupy many microenvironments, are highly fecund, and spawn in shallow, slow-flowing water [49].
The same principle of trade-offs in character traits conversely allows a sexually reproducing species to withstand invasion by highly fecund asexual mutants [25], [26].
Woman-based analysis of the mean and mode TTP showed that many RPL patients are highly fecund (Fig. 4 and Table S5).
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Salmon populations would likely respond to this management strategy in part because they are highly-fecund and short-lived.
Environmental and developmental factors determine whether female bees develop as facultatively sterile workers or highly-fecund queens; these caste differences are produced by differential nutrition during larval stages, which triggers dramatically different developmental trajectories in the larvae.
In particular, CMMB is likely to be effective only when applied to short-lived and highly-fecund species (not the characteristics of most bycatch-impacted species) and to fisheries that take few non-target species, and especially few non-seabird species (not the characteristics of most fisheries).
But a hybrid also loses some of the qualities highly valued by commercial growers — it is not as fecund, not as resistant to disease, not as easily grown, not as pretty.
Conversely, Skorping and Read (1998) argued that parasitic nematodes with larvae in host tissues (poorly susceptible to treatments) and adults in the gastrointestinal tract (highly susceptible to treatment) should postpone maturity, become larger and more fecund.
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