The industrial application gives remarkable results that the rate of transverse thickness profile deviation less than 10 μm is 97.25% in 1700 mm 4-high tandem cold rolling mills.
In order to solve strip edge drop and crown problem for accurate "dead flat" transverse thickness profile of electrical steel sheet in 4-high tandem cold rolling mills,the 3D finite element model of roll stacks and strip deformation was built in cold rolling process.
Which maybe they shouldn't have been, since when my friend Joe and I were up flying high, tandem in our harness, the rope snapped.
The high tandem, low to moderate segmental duplication families fall into several broad functional categories.
Interestingly, gene families (such as defensins and thionins) that have high tandem and transposition-duplication frequencies are also over-represented in the LSG dataset [ 33].
Gene families can be broadly categorized as having high rates of retention of segmental (WGD-derived) duplicates and low generation or retention of tandem duplicates – or vice versa (low segmental retention, high tandem generation and retention) [ 80].
Among the 11 high- or very-high tandem duplication families, five are in the low-segmental duplication class, and four other families demonstrate a lower than median level of segmental duplications.
From our gene inventory, the majority of meiotic genes are present in multiple copies in D. pulex (Table 2 and Additional File 2), which is also consistent with the high tandem gene content characteristic of the D. pulex genome.
We set the Tandem Repeat Finder Score to a value of 80, as we were most interested in how repeat variation might cause gene expression differences, and variation of tandem repeats increases strongly for repeats of high Tandem Repeat Finder Scores [ 62].
To study the joint effects of these genome processes on multigene family evolution, we placed gene families into low, medium, and high tandem duplication classes and low, medium, and high segmental duplication classes, and investigated attributes of some better-studied families within each duplication class.
