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Compared to a single graphene layer of shorter length, the double graphene layer with longer length presents stronger absorption and higher modulation depth.
Although the total thickness of the stack still remains in the nanometer range, this device can exhibit superior performances in terms of (i) high modulation depth, (ii) ultra-broadband performance, (iii) ultra-low insertion loss due to inherent metamaterial properties, (iv nano-scale footpriv nano-scalerization independence and (vi) capability ofootprintntegrated to a silicon waveguide.
With this high modulation depth, nanoscale devices with 3-dB modulation depth are possible.
In the field of terahertz, graphene has a prominent advantage of high modulation depth.
As is expected, the reflection structure showed a higher modulation depth.
High modulation depth not only brings a higher signal quality but also helps to reduce the footprint.
Higher modulation depth can be easily achieved by placing graphene close to the maximum of the electric field.
And as is expected, a higher modulation depth of approximately 13 dB is achieved by double-layer graphene.
As is expected, a higher modulation depth of 0.16 dB/μm was observed due to the double-layer graphene, which implies a smaller footprint at 3-dB modulation.
The coated Si slab has significantly improved characteristics over a bare Si such as high modulation depth and low power consumption that are obtained due to the coatings.
Simply increasing the peak-to-peak gate voltage swing can achieve high modulation depth at the expense of increased power consumption.
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