This disheartening but not surprising situation, the highest level of disparity ever, creates significant psychological stress for young adults who fear they will never be able to own a home or have a comfortable middle-class lifestyle, while at the same time they are bombarded by media images of luxury.
"Early childhood is a place where you see the highest level of disparity manifest itself," said Dr. Alipui.
In order to identify the loci with the highest levels of disparity, we defined a score (S in eq. (1)) based on the sample frequency of asymmetrical shift for each heterozygous genotype, and all loci above or equal to 75 were selected (see Methods on allelic disparity), leaving 13,198 loci (Additional file 2, Figure S2).
Our study thus indicates that there is a high level of disparity between levels of exchange of individual genes.
A significant higher level of disparity was found in samples with negative status for either one of the receptors HER2, ER, or PR (Table 3).
We therefore hypothesized that the stem cell genes were likely to have a higher level of disparity in the tumour [ 37, 38].
To identify loci with a high level of disparity, we selected SNPs 1) with a substantial degree of disparity and 2) with substantial frequency (at least 50% of the samples heterozygous for the respective locus).
SNP rs543304 located in BRCA2 on chromosome 13 also showed a high level of disparity, where 30percentt of the studied samples were heterozygous with 26percentt displaying disparity (n = 9), the majority toward the minor allele (G, n = 8).
We did not see a significantly higher level of disparity overall in loci associated with the stem cell genes compared to the non-stem cell genes when "collapsed" by associated or closest gene (p-value = 0.8008).
It reveals a segmentation of the supply chain, a lack of accuracy in the estimation of needs, several stockouts and overstocks and a high level of disparities between countries.
Additional file 4, Table S2 shows loci with high levels of disparity associated with the clinical or molecular parameters such as stage, grade, Her2 and TP53 mutation status.
