The Highest integration value, in this study, determined the urban axis of the city.
For instance, in Fig. 1a, the red colour identifies the pathways with the highest integration value, which are the most accessible or likely to be used by people.
In order for destinations of interest to enhance walkability, they should be located along streets with the highest integration value in the network, i.e. streets that carry most of the movement within the network (Hillier 1996, 1999, 2002; Kashef 2011).
Important public functions such as parks, shops, playgrounds, etc. tend to catalyze more pedestrian movement and should be located on streets with the highest integration value in the street network (Kashef 2009, 2011).
Syntactic property of Lamphun's urban network in present-day shows an individual line of the highest integration (Global Integration: 1.24, Local Integration: 2.96) in the most central of a city along with north south direction (Inthayongyot street, see Fig. 5).
However, a visual assessment of the heat-map was undertaken which revealed that the highest integration area (red area) is a single, relatively clear location in the centre, but there are two low integration areas in different parts of the garden but with similar values.
