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The general aim of these studies is to trap-in a high enthalpy, high entropy, state of the system and then observe it evolving in time at low temperatures during a controlled annealing procedure.
A high entropy state is one in which we find a clustering of matter into dense regions with lots of empty space separating these regions.
Therefore, not only is it highly likely that typical microstates corresponding to a nonequilibrium state will evolve to higher entropy states, but it is also highly likely that they evolved from higher entropy states.
The heating of a crystalline solid until it melts and then vaporizes is a progress from a well-ordered, low-entropy state to a disordered, high-entropy state.
We are invited to think of the Second Law as driving the gas to its new, higher entropy equilibrium state.
His thought experiment was intended to demonstrate the possibility of a gas evolving from a higher to a lower entropy state.
This deviation from the usual expectation – spatial uniformity as the state of highest entropy – is due to the fact that gravity, unlike the forces governing the interaction of molecules in a gas for example, is a purely attractive force.
From this it follows that the largest macro-state also has the highest entropy!
Earlier states do not have higher entropy than present states because we make the cosmological posit that the universe began in an extremely tiny section of its available phase space.
The maximum entropy method states that if there are multiple solutions to a problem and all available information has been used to narrow the selection, the best solution is the one with the highest entropy.
This interaction 'prepares' the system in a low entropy state, but once the system is isolated, its entropy will increase.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com