Exact(6)
The LFS has all of the same data as ASHE but also includes highest educational qualifications, which turn out to matter.
Maternal and paternal highest educational qualifications, household social class, maternal smoking during pregnancy, father's age, and mother's parity were obtained from questionnaires administered during pregnancy.
These included age, gender, physical activity, smoking status, body mass index, highest educational qualifications, economic status, annual household income, couple status and whether language(s) other than English were spoken at home.
Highest educational qualifications at age 26 were categorised into three groups: no qualifications; Ordinary levels (usually taken at 16); and Advanced levels (usually taken at 18 for university entry) or above.
We equivalised the mother's highest educational qualifications (based on the qualification received and the country obtained) into one of five categories using UK National Academic Recognition Information Center [ 43]: less than 5 GCSE equivalent, 5 GCSE equivalent, A level equivalent, Higher than A level, other); b) Measures of financial security [ 44].
We equivalised the mother's highest educational qualifications (based on the qualification received and the country obtained) into one of several categories using UK NARIC (http://www.ecctis.co.uk/naric/default.aspx): <5 GCSE equivalent,≥ 5 GCSE equivalent, 'A' level equivalent, Higher than A-level equivalent, Other qualifications (eg, City and Guilds, RSA/OCR, BTEC), Don't know, Foreign Unknown.
Similar(54)
The covariates controlled for in the statistical analyses were age, family structure (living with both biologic parents/living in some other family structure), both parents' highest educational qualification (comprehensive school only/higher education), and externalizing symptoms, measured by the Youth Self Report [ 39], at T1.
Respondents were asked about their highest educational qualification, these were classified into four groups: higher education (degree or equivalent), secondary (A level, GCSE, or equivalent), foreign qualifications, or none.
After the researchers adjusted for either of two measures of educational exposure – highest educational qualification or age at completion of full-time education – the association between birth order and myopia was lessened.
26 Participants' highest educational qualification was assessed during the follow-up ranging between no formal education, simple school leaving certificate, clerical qualifications, O-levels (certificate of secondary education), Highers or Certificate of Secondary Education, National Certificate and degree level (7-point scale).
Other information included the mother's date of birth, ethnic group, highest educational qualification, and the occupation of the mother and the father.
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