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The socioeconomic status measures included mother's highest educational level (categorised as no schooling, primary or secondary and post-secondary education), employment status (categorised as not working or working in the past 12 months preceding the survey) and father's highest educational level (categorised as no schooling, primary or secondary and postsecondary education).
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Factors examined as potential determinants of alternative practitioner use included sex, age (categorised as 18 39, 40 64 and 65 and above), educational level (categorised as 'high' – complete and incomplete higher education – and 'low', everything below that level), marital status (married, single and divorced/widowed) and residential location – urban/rural.
21 23 Sociodemographic factors were age, educational level (categorised into three groups according to the International Standard Classification of Education), urbanisation level (living in rural/urban area) and citizenship (European/non-European).
21 The education register records data on highest educational level and educational area.
SES, highest educational level of the parents.
Socioeconomic status was assessed by the highest educational level according to the Swedish educational system.
Parental educational level was based on the highest educational level achieved by either one of the parents/caregivers [ 41].
The highest educational level of the father or the mother was used to score educational level of the family.
The highest educational level referred to parts of or completed high school level or university degree.
Highest educational level attained.
Maintaining excellence at the highest educational levels requires sustaining the pipeline from the lower levels.
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