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There were no differences in age, employment status or smoking before pregnancy, but the responding mothers tended to be more highly educated than non-respondents (highest education group 58.7% vs 33.3%, p=0.07).
In the oldest age group, the lower educated groups did not differ significantly from the highest education group regarding smoking, except among Danish men where the education level 1 and 2 had significantly increased odds ratios for daily smoking.
The highest education group (level 4, 15+ years) was used as reference group.
The difference between lowest and highest education group was larger in younger than in older women.
Older parents and those in the highest education group consumed significantly fewer sugary beverages (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively).
According to column 4, there is a direct effect of education on the bias for the highest education group (p < 0.05).
Similar(45)
The small number of deceased persons in the highest education groups also prevented us from performing an additional analysis with the indicator education among people with diabetes or myocardial infarction.
Concerning sleep duration of <5 hours and 5 hours, all educational groups differed from the high education group.
Education was dichotomized into a "low education" group that included high school graduation or less and a "high education" group containing those with at least some post secondary education.
Terry W. Hartle, senior vice president of the American Council of Education, a nonprofit higher education group, agreed.
Presidents of the Royal Historical Society, the Historical Association, the higher education group History UK and senior members of the British Academy have also criticised the draft.
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