The ICEV Smart belongs to cars with some of the highest deviations between certified and reality fuel consumption (up to 60% [1]).
The conducted evaluation in part 1 revealed a high deviation between the predicted surge flows using Casey Robinson approach and measured values especially at low rotational speeds.
Besides, the high deviation between calculated moduli (from both backcalculation procedure) and measured ones leads to a recommendation of developing a better backcalculation procedure.
Some measurements taken in the tropics and subtropics demonstrated a high deviation between measurements and estimations made using global regression models, with the differences ranging from − 73 to + 294% (Hashimoto et al. 2004; Chang et al. 2008; Katayama et al. 2009; Tan et al. 2013).
The activities with a frequency of 1.0 Hz have a higher deviation between nominal and actual values with partly high frequent noise.
Experimental and simulated studies show high deviations between the performances and lifetimes of several systems due to the circuit design.
The results are in line with other reports on inter-observer variability in histology stating even higher deviations between two observers [13].
In general, we would recommend being cautious with any probe displaying extreme values of any parameter, i.e. a high average intensity (as described earlier in the text) or also a high standard deviation between bead replicates, for instance.
Additionally we observed a high standard deviation between replicates (Fig. S1B).
The remaining miRs were false positives, showing either robust expression but no significant difference, or unreliable expression data (e.g. Ct > 35 cycles, high standard deviation between duplicates).
Since the high standard deviation between the independently performed experiments did not allow for a definitive rejection of the hypothesis, we additionally used the model to scrutinize this hypothesis: We altered the model by assuming that UVB radiation does not affect IKKβ dephosphorylation, but alters the internalization of IL-1R (for model equations see Additional file 1, IV).
