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Participants were asked to provide their highest degree obtained as well as what that degree focused on, and both degree and major were included in our analysis.
Discrete (cf. Table 1) Citizenship (single or dual) Current citizenship Discrete (cf. Table 1) Income Total salary from regular job Discrete (cf. Table 1) Educational attainment Highest degree obtained Discrete (cf. Table 1) Dependent variables Frequency of phone calls How often do you call your relatives in Senegal?
In the first part of the survey respondents self-reported demographic information, specifically their job title/position (e.g., executive, director, manager from a list of forced-choice response options), highest degree obtained, year they graduated from their most advanced degree, and sex.
Unfortunately, information on educational level is collected using the highest degree obtained and great diversity in the education systems in the maternal countries of origin could determine a non homogeneous classification [ 39]; to have a single classification we tried to translate diplomas/ degrees into schooling years but the translation introduced a strong approximation.
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Level of education was based on the Dutch educational system which differentiates already after primary school into different levels, ranging from 1: primary school up to 6: PhD or higher degree obtained.
9Primary school, vocational school or high-school degrees make up nearly 60% of the highest educational degree obtained by age 30 in 2012 in Denmark (Statistics Denmark).
This allows us to rank each occupation based on the distribution of native-born workers.13 Table 1 shows the current distribution of workers by NRIs and the highest education degree obtained.
Note that high average degree obtained for networks produced with exponential time-window corresponds to the nodes that are active over a prolonged time-span, whose activity is aggregated over unbounded aggregation period, and the number of nodes is unbounded as well.
Therefore, a negative ability sorting could actually be an issue for immigrants who are defined as "Canadian educated" if their highest degree is obtained in Canada.
There is also a decline in the share of respondents with third level education whose highest degree was obtained in Australia.
Once the two phases of analysis were completed, we looked at the demographic data associated with each abstract in order to understand how factors such as gender, geographical location of current institutions, geographical location of the institution where highest degree was obtained, rank, and discipline could be associated with academic professionals' writing practices.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com