In our model, the decreased drug sensitivity of the virus population in the presence of coinfected cells is caused by the higher burst size in such cells.
Although we used a low MOI of 0.01 TCID50/cell for wt Ad5 in most experiments to allow for monitoring of virus spreading within the cultures, the high burst size of adenovirus quickly led to infection of the entire culture.
The inhibition rate at late time points may be generally underestimated; although the cells were infected with Ad5 at a low MOI of 0.01 theD50/cell, thighigh burst size of adenovirus rapidly leads to infection of the entire culture.
We found that even if replication in singly infected cells is too slow to initiate sustained virus growth, a successful infection can still be established if the initial inoculum dose is sufficiently high, leading to the immediate generation of coinfected cells that are characterized by a higher burst size.
Figure 1 reveals that the highest effective burst size is with no exposure (red squares), but no further decline is seen between 1 and 3 generations of exposure (solid blue and open black circles).
Here we show that Escherichia coli cells commonly display high differentials in viral burst size, and address the kinetics of emergence of such variability with the non-lytic filamentous virus M13.
In these phage, generation time is equivalent to a full lytic cycle, and burst size can be much higher for phage with high growth rates relative to those with low growth rates.
For example, for a two-state gene model, it has been shown that the higher the burst frequency (BF) is, the lower is the gene expression noise whereas the larger the burst size (BS) is, the higher is the noise [ 42, 45, 46].
For higher cut-off frequencies the relationship between burst size and input slope becomes non-monotonic, and decoding of the slope by reading the size of bursts becomes ambiguous even for a fixed cut-off frequency.
At least 345 bacteriophages infecting Streptococcus thermophilus starter cultures have been isolated; general characteristics include high thermal resistance, short latent periods and large burst size.
