univ(_mathrm{i}): Dummy variable that takes value 1 if the contributory group ("grupo de cotización") of the longest contributory relationship with the Social Security system is the one with the highest academic qualifications (group 1: "Engineers and Graduates"), and zero, otherwise.
'Further or higher education below degree' represents academic and vocational courses that allow university entry (e.g. 'A' levels) or are to a foundation level in higher education; while 'degree or above' corresponds to the highest academic qualifications, including Bachelor's, Master's and Doctorate degrees.
It was higher in the high-SES groups, as defined by occupational position at age 50 years or highest academic qualification, and in whites compared with nonwhite participants.
Section 1 collected general demographic information including job title, county in which the participant worked, employer, highest academic qualification, care setting and number of NMPs in the team.
Perhaps the most important difference between our data and that of previous studies is that we have specifically obtained students' highest biological science qualification rather than their highest academic qualification, which for many nurses is social science based.
Education level referred to the highest academic qualification, and was collapsed into four categories including below middle school, high school and equivalent, 3-year college and 4-year university and above.
Details of the mothers' sociodemographic background were obtained during the prepregnant interviews; educational attainment was categorized in 6 groups according to highest academic qualification obtained (increasing from none to university degree or higher).
The awareness of SSS and C-NIHSS differed among physicians with different practice duration and location as well as in those with the highest academic qualification and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners.
The highest academic qualification in this group of community physicians was a 3-year junior college degree in medicine, earned by 1346 participants (70.5 %), 455 (23.8 %) had a 4-year bachelor's degree, and 15 (0.8 %) had an additional 2 to 3-year master's degree.
For example, based on the study conducted by Lara-Cinisomo et al. (2011), we expected that teachers with lower ECE academic qualifications would rank non-academically oriented learning areas higher, while teachers with higher academic qualifications might prioritize academically oriented areas.
Educational researchers debate, however, whether teachers with higher academic qualifications are more effective, as measured by higher student achievement.
