A higher-order impact sandwich beam theory by the authors [Yang MJ, Qiao P. Higher-order impact modeling of sandwich beams with flexible core.
In this study, a higher-order impact model is presented to simulate the response of a soft-core sandwich beam subjected to a foreign object impact.
The higher-order impact model of sandwich beams presented by Mijia and Pizhong [Mijia, Y., Pizhong, Q., 2005. Higher-order impact modeling of sandwich structures with flexible core. International Journal of Solids and Structures 42 (10), 5460 5490] is developed and enhanced to impact analysis of sandwich panels with transversely flexible cores.
The influences of impact mass and initial velocity on the contact force history are close to those by the linearized impact solution, but the proposed higher-order impact model captures the non-linear impact process and different generated stresses.
The higher-order impact model of sandwich beams developed in the study provides accurate predictions of the generated stresses and impact process and can be used effectively in design analysis of anti-impact structures made of sandwich materials.
This chapter explores solar cell efficiencies from a theoretical point of view, examining thermodynamics, the famous Carnot efficiency, solid-state characteristics, and the energy gap Eg, as well as special design features such as series-connected tandem cells and higher-order impact ionization.
While nonprimary endpoints were used most often to support claims of improved signs or symptoms, nonprimary endpoints were much more likely to support claims of higher order impacts.
Special design features such as the number of series connected, tandem cells, and higher order impact ionization are discussed in the chapter.
In this paper, a new finite element formulation is presented for high-order impact analysis of sandwich beams with any boundary conditions subjected to simultaneous multiple small projectiles.
The present impact analysis demonstrates the accuracy and capability of the higher order impact sandwich beam theory, and it can be used effectively in analysis, design applications and optimization of efficient FRP honeycomb composite sandwich structures for impact protection and mitigation.
