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The oxygen-availability analyses indicated that higher oxygen availability in the 3-ml culture could provide higher amounts of substrate (oxygen) for NADH oxidase, resulting in greater accumulation of H2O2 in the first 12 hours.
Alveolar hypoxia redirects the capillary blood flow to areas of higher oxygen availability by hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction of pulmonary arterial vessels [ 85, 86].
Thus, the increase in Wnt activity associated with higher oxygen availability might have the twofold effect of increasing (a) endocrine cell mass by self replication and (b) exocrine cell mass by progenitor cell expansion [ 48].
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The nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−N) concentration increased in the aerated ponds reflecting the high oxygen availability.
The generation of isofurans and F2-isoprostanes is regulated by the availability of oxygen; in cellular environments with relatively low oxygen availability, F2-isoprostanes are generated from ROS, while isofurans are preferentially generated in environments with relatively high oxygen availability.
However, the P. aeruginosa homologues show different expression patterns depending on oxygen availability [ 31]: the first operon (ccoNOQP1) displays higher expression under high oxygen availability while the second one is up-regulated under oxygen-limiting condition [ 31].
Alternatively, Rhyacotriton, which has highly reduced lungs and a multiyear larval period and can inhabit cold, but shallow, slow moving water (Czopek, 1962; Welsh and Lind, 1996), might have evolved its lung reduction in response to high oxygen availability.
In addition the oxidative stress to which the cells are exposed in high external oxygen availability imposes other redox challenges.
Animals that routinely face high fluctuations in oxygen availability or consumption tend to have a general strategy for preventing oxidative damage that involves appropriate constitutive antioxidant capabilities [5].
The Quasi Vivo system has been shown to have low shear stress, a short time scale for test compound distribution, and sufficient oxygen availability at higher flow rates40.
Salmonid fishes from differing climates have been shown to have evolved enhanced cardiac function to persist in environments with higher water temperatures and lower oxygen availability (Eliason et al. 2011).
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