The fact that the original CoI framework makes allowance for students to step into "teaching" activities, as they help shape the discourse leading to higher-order understanding and learning (Garrison et al., 1999), prompts the question of whether the CoI needs an additional presence, as it aims to address the core educational experience.
By correlating modules instead of individual genes with tumor grades, we gain a higher-order understanding of the biological processes related to breast cancer progression.
Others appeal to implicit rather than explicit higher-order understanding and weaken or remove the standard assumption that the meta-state must be distinct and separate from its lower-order object (Gennaro 1995, Van Gulick 2000, 2004) with such views overlapping with so called reflexive theories discussed in the section.
Both Korthagen and Stockhausen have highlighted this process with the term reflection spiral with each winding leading to a higher order of understanding, practice or learning [ 23, 26]. Figure 1 shows the complete eclectic model, which describes reflection in three phases: 1. 'Reviewing the experience', 2. 'Critical analysis', and 3. 'Reflective outcome'.
The fact that animals who have no bailout option and are thus forced to respond to the difficult comparisons do worse than those who have the bailout option but choose to respond to the test has been used to argue for some kind of higher-order self understanding.
Furthermore, a high order of understanding and contextualization must accompany the declarative knowledge if it is to be successfully applied later.
There has been scant progress in recent years in understanding the higher order packing of chromatin in mitotic chromosomes.
Although no consensus exists, a number of researchers have proposed that shared representations of motor actions, or the action understanding properties of this system, may form a foundational cornerstone for higher order social processes, including motor learning, action understanding, imitation, perspective taking, understanding facial emotions, and empathy [ 4- 8].
Permutations of this technique will undoubtedly aid in the understanding of higher order chromatin structure and the role of chromatin interactions in various nuclear processes.
In this dialog, the teacher's role is that of an "expert learner" and facilitator – poising questions and creating opportunities for individual reflection and social "problem-solving" with an emphasis on conceptual understanding and higher order thinking skills.
