Optimally this would have been done by higher order, formal imaging, but that was beyond the scope of this study in terms of logistics and economy.
We present here a high-resolution PALM method utilizing conventional EGFP as the photoconvertible fluorophore, improved algorithms to deal with high levels of biological background noise, and apply this to imaging higher order chromatin structure.
L. Waller, L. Tian, and G. Barbastathis, "Transport of Intensity phase-amplitude imaging with higher order intensity derivatives," Optics Express, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 12552--12561, June 2010.
Phenomic staging includes integrating clinical and imaging features, transcriptomics, higher order proteomics and metabolomics interactions, and epidemiological data.
However, the optic of each individual eye includes also imaging errors of higher order (wavefront aberrations or optical aberrations) such as spherical aberration or coma like aberrations that can decrease the visual performance.
In orthopaedic imaging on higher order MD-CTs the minimal reconstruction thickness is often chosen as 1 mm, even though thinner detector collimations are possible.
With the advent of adaptive optics leading to compensation of higher order aberrations, the in vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic is now a reality.
Later on, using electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI), no higher order structures above the 30 nm structure were detected, leading to the proposal of the lattice model of chromatin organisation (Dehghani et al. 2005).
Apart from providing diffraction-limited imaging, AO can also increase the pupil size that can be used for imaging, correct both lower and higher order aberration at video rates, and increase light collection efficiency for confocal or two-photon imaging.
Other device and image attributes such as binary similarity measures, image quality measures, and higher order wavelet statistics have also been adopted for identifying source imaging devices [19 22].
