The color-enhanced males, however, had higher levels of testosterone.
And higher levels of social status are associated with higher levels of testosterone.
Previously the court has accepted that higher levels of testosterone could provide an advantage.
The higher levels of testosterone may assist in growing its extra bony digit.
Working women have higher levels of testosterone than women who stay at home, and the daughters of working women have higher levels of testosterone than the daughters of housewives.
Higher levels of testosterone allow boys to add muscle and, even without much effort on their part, get stronger.
He does say that "Africans on average have higher levels of testosterone than other races" and that "women with higher levels of testosterone have more masculine features".
Men rate her body odor as more attractive and respond with higher levels of testosterone.
Species in which the female is typically more aggressive, like hyenas in female-run clans, show higher levels of testosterone among the females than among the males.
Beginning in utero, men are generally exposed to higher levels of testosterone, driving them to be more competitive, assertive, vengeful and daring.
The Indian sprinter Dutee Chand also has higher levels of testosterone than the sport's governing body, the IAAF, considers typical for a female.
