Sentence examples for higher levels of constraint from inspiring English sources

A larger historical N e for D. simulans than D. melanogaster predicts higher levels of constraint on synonymous and nonsynonymous sites in the former species.

This may simply reflect differences in the overall importance of proteins for cellular functions, with more important proteins showing both higher levels of constraint on their amino acid sequence and stronger selection for codon usage.

Estimates of noncoding diversity did not differ significantly from those of synonymous diversity in either D. melanogaster or D. pseudoobscura (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; P = 0.31 and 0.36, respectively), which would seem in contrast with the higher level of constraint at intergenic regions than that at synonymous sites previously observed in D. melanogaster/D.

We use data from three available bird genomes (chicken, turkey, and zebra finch) and find high levels of constraint: 24 43%.

The GOT1p1 paralog is the most conserved of the five paralogs with no evidence for segregating non-functional alleles (Table  2) and it has the highest levels of constraint as measured by ka/ks values (Table  1).

We postulate that the extremely high levels of constraint on remaining photosynthetic genes may indicate an important function for these gene products in lipid biosynthesis rather than carbohydrate production through the Calvin Cycle.

Chinese community residents had the lowest levels of knowledge of HIV, especially with regard to mother-to-child transmission, the most intent to avoid contact with people living with HIV and AIDS, and the highest levels of constraints to using services, including ineligibility for government healthcare and limited Thai language ability.

In each module, the downstream elements have higher levels of selective constraint than the upstream elements.

In biosynthetic pathways, upstream genes usually evolve under higher levels of selective constraint than those acting at the downstream part, as a result of their higher hierarchical position.

However, little is known about genome-wide levels of divergence, especially at protein-coding genes, which typically experience higher levels of mutational constraint (though see [ 59]).

This indicates that these factors account for the higher levels of selective constraint acting on the downstream genes of the human signal transduction network.