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In our model, resistance to low levels of ivermectin (⩽6 ng/ml) was associated with increased expression of mrp-1 and pgp-1 and decreased glutathione, while higher level resistance (10 ng/ml) was primarily associated with the increased expression of P-glycoproteins.
Both of these genes can confer low-level quinolone-resistance and facilitate the emergence of higher level resistance (9 ) (data not shown).
More recently, an alanine to glycine mutation at codon position 581 in Pfdhps has emerged that, in combination with the Pfdhfr triple-mutant allele IRN, was shown to confer higher level resistance (21 ).
Similar(57)
All 17 of these isolates were resistant to clindamycin, and 16 (94.1%) showed high level resistance (MIC > 256 mg/L).
Though associated with high level resistance, its detection at onset could imply a smaller proportion of resistant bacteria.
Expression of hpRNA and antisense transgenes provided a high level resistance to WCMV, while the sense transgene provided partial resistance.
Results demonstrated that infants exposed to NVP were more likely to have high level resistance mutations (HLRMs) to NVP than those infants not exposed to NVP (p = .002).002
Of nine TB patients culturing ESBL organisms, five had intermediate or high level resistance to amikacin while seven had high level resistance to ciprofloxacin.
In addition, these strains also presented a high level resistance against other assayed antibiotics.
In fact, the resistance patterns are similar, with high level resistance especially to tetracycline, streptomycin and ampicillin.
Only one subject had high level resistance to the PI used (ATV), possessing TDRs 46I, 58E, 84V, 85V, and 90M.
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