Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the incidence and treatment strategies at a higher level of evidence.
The best grade of recommendation that can be made for a particular preimplant surgical bone augmentation procedure, from these level 4 studies, is Grade C. Benchmarking studies by assessing quality of evidence can be helpful to inform future study designs with respect to reporting study outcomes with a higher level of evidence.
However, the question remains if research of a higher level of evidence is achievable.
Higher level of evidence studies serve to produce treatment that is efficacious and cost-effective [5].
These studies should use uniform and patient-based outcome measures resulting in higher level of evidence research results.
However, a sound clinical judgment should always be made on the basis of a higher level of evidence.
The twenty-two addressingddressing the treatment of PT with a higher level of evidence were selected.
We chose the 22 references that had the higher level of evidence and that were closely related to the treatment of PT.
A systematic review suggested that daily interruption of sedatives had a higher level of evidence than sedation protocols [22], but comparisons between the two are scarce.
There were other isolated case reports on the successful application of SPG neurostimulation to other pain syndromes, but higher level of evidence is lacking.
We have demonstrated a trend towards higher level of evidence in hip surgery over a decade, with two journals (the JBJS and Journal of Arthroplasty) showing significant levels of improvement in high-level evidence.
