Sentence examples for higher level kind from inspiring English sources

A prominent and significant challenge to reductionism stems from the fact that higher level biological structures and processes can be realized by different kinds of molecular processes, so that many molecular kinds can correspond to one higher level kind (Section 4.2).

He argues that it is not that the complexities of any reduction (due to the many-one relations between molecular and higher level kinds) exceed our cognitive capacities.

Elliott Sober (1999) extends this line of argument: an explanation in terms of higher level kinds can be more unified or general by encompassing heterogeneous lower level kinds, but this same heterogeneity exhibits important differences in scientifically interesting properties.

Some critiques of (epistemic) reductionism emphasize that the effects of molecular processes strongly depend on the context in which they occur, so that one molecular kind can correspond to many higher level kinds (Section 4.1).

Apart from the one-many relation between molecular and higher level kinds, Hull (1972, 1974 , 1976 also points to the existence of a many-one relation as a challenge for reductionism.

Principles of classical genetics (e.g., segregation) are explained by cellular processes (e.g., the behavior of chromosomes in meiosis) because the higher level kinds picked out by cytology are causally relevant.

This sense of one many relations between molecular and higher level kinds does not necessarily preclude some types of reduction, but explanations in molecular biology must to be sensitive to the associated epistemic issues.

So before he looks at "low-level" disruption, perhaps he should look at the "high-level" kind.

The high-level type is identical to a kind we can refer to by a term consisting of a disjunction of expressions each of which refers to one of the different low-level kinds that realize the high-level kind: Hx = (L1x or L2x or……Lnx).

New jobs in Western economies tend to be of a more demanding, higher-level kind and are less likely to be sent abroad.All this has sent the Indian IT and BPO industry into a funk.

The other is to split the higher-level multiply realized kind into a variety of sub-kinds, one for each of its distinct lower level realizers, and then eliminate the original higher-level kind, at least for the purposes of further scientific investigation and development.