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Optionally, a higher level hierarchical representation of the network can also be created, where the nodes of the higher level correspond to the modules of the original network, and the links of the higher level correspond to the overlaps between the respective modules (Figure 1D, Figures S1.2 and S1.6 in the Electronic Supplementary Material S1).
In these models, repeated transitions are viewed as an extra level in a higher level hierarchical structure.
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With the individual-level costs of cooperation out of the picture, selection at higher levels of hierarchical organization can have relatively larger effects.
In short, sensory evidence and empirical priors that are afforded greater precision have preferential access to higher levels in hierarchical inference.
The Se and Sp, irrespective of their source, were, in the higher level of the hierarchical model, presumed to come from the same bivariate normal, that is, the model proposed corresponds to a hybrid approach of the bivariate model of Reitsma (Reitsma 2005) and standard random effects meta-analyses (Whitehead 2002).
High level, unsupervised hierarchical clustering conducted in each species separately resulted in osteosarcoma samples clustering together and distinctly from normal tissues.
The use of animals in space research allows us to conduct experiments with organisms characterized by a high level of hierarchical biological complexity and physiological processes, comparable to those of humans [ 2].
Additionally, the flexible-rigid structure of the complex and the template effect of DMSO droplets resulting from solvent evaporation also play important roles in constructing higher level organized structures such as hierarchical wreath-like and hollow entanglement self-assemblies at solid gas interface.
The controlled vocabularies have a hierarchical structure, higher level terms being more general than lower level descriptors, allowing annotation to be performed to an appropriate level of granularity whilst also enabling search tools to return all mapped objects to both parent and child terms, if required.
Through vertical comparison health workers compare their own working conditions with other health workers at higher levels in the hierarchical structure.
It was hypothesized that effectiveness of prosthodontic replacement in terms of oral functionality can be quantified by promotions to higher levels in the hierarchical classification system.
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