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A higher frequency of overweight was noted in women carrying rs2298849T allele v CC carriers (71% v 50%; P = 0.035).
Regarding the associations of the three SNPs studied with overweight or obesity according to sex, a higher frequency of overweight was noted in women carrying rs2298849T allele vs CC carriers (71% v 50%; P = 0.035)(Table 3).
We also noted a sex difference in this relationship with women carrying the TT/TC genotypes exhibiting a higher frequency of overweight compared with those carrying the CC genotype, whereas no relationship was found in men.
There was also agreement with the literature in relation to the observed higher frequency of overweight in male adolescents who were [ 26, 27] younger than 14 years of age [ 25].
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No significant differences were found in smoking history (never, current or former) between patients with or without CL, however, patients who were current smokers had the highest frequency of low and normal weight and those who never smoked had the highest frequency of overweight and obesity (data not shown).
Although not proving causation, because of the cross-sectional nature of the study design, we can hypothesize that the high frequency of overweight and obesity in patients without CL may contribute to the observed absence of difference in the MS prevalence between patients with or without CL.
Sample size too small to report (n < 5) Compared to healthy-weight students, a higher frequency of at-risk for overweight or overweight students reported the intention to perform weight-management related activities (Table 4).
However, there was a trend towards a higher frequency of smokers among the overweight, obese, and morbidly obese subjects compared to normal weight individuals (p = 0.078).
This is also consistent with research indicating a higher frequency of disordered and binge eating in the overweight and obese [ 17, 18].
Obese and overweight persons have a higher frequency of insulin resistance and a higher risk of cardiovascular problems.
In conclusion, overweight children with T1DM have a more favourable lipid profile, as compared to non-diabetic overweight controls, in spite of a higher frequency of a positive family history of CVD, T2DM and hypertension.
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