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Cognitive reflection was found to be negatively related to temporal discounting (i.e., the tendency to prefer smaller, immediately available rewards over larger rewards which will be available later), and positively related to choosing gambles with higher expected values [ 19].
Intuitively, any set of candidate criteria whose topic proportions are more dominant in the samples, will have higher expected values or scores compared to those whose topics are not significantly represented in the samples.
In line with the modeled behaviour (left), mean % correct choices (based on higher expected values calculated as reward magnitude * modelled reward probability) was reduced during medial stimulation (depolarization, right).
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If the team has a better than three-in-seven chance of scoring a touchdown -- and the all but certain extra point -- going for the touchdown has a higher expected value than kicking.
In other words, a lower inverse temperature indicates a larger choice stochasticity, and thus that the option with higher expected value should be chosen less often, which in turn leads to reduced choice accuracy.
Further, doing the experiment has higher expected value if one possible outcome of the experiment would alter the relative values of some your options.
Even if profile B should have higher expected value, they can still be ranked in terms of second-order stochastic dominance (see e.g [15], ch. 2.5).
Still, rule-consequentialism's contention is that bringing about widespread acceptance of a simpler and less demanding code, even if acceptance of that code does sometimes lead people to do acts with sub-optimal consequences, has higher expected value in the long run than bringing about widespread acceptance of a maximally complicated and demanding code.
In the remaining pairs, one lottery had both a higher expected value and a lower standard deviation than the other one.
In 4 out of 10 pairs of lotteries one of the lotteries had a higher expected value while the other one had a lower standard deviation.
In the bold one, participants were facing the choices of the other as determined by a computer programmed to select the lottery with the higher expected value, irrespective of the risk.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com