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"The most novel and perhaps most surprising finding is that chemical anti-predator defences are a double-edged sword: they trigger higher diversification rates but even greater extinction rates, and since reversals are rare, they are essentially evolutionary dead ends", explained Dr Wüster in email.
Using the most comprehensive sister-group comparison to date, we tested the hypothesis that myrmecochory leads to higher diversification rates in angiosperm plants.
The higher diversification rates in myrmecochorous lineages relative to their sister groups did not depend on seed dispersal mode in the sister group and did not vary significantly by biogeographic region (Fig. 2).
Likewise, lowland lineages supported higher diversification rates than those occurring in highlands.
Rodents, Soricomorpha and Chiroptera showed higher diversification rates in the tropical than the non-tropical biomes.
However, we tested the pattern for tropical biomes at a global scale and demonstrated that they show higher diversification rates.
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Guo et al. (2015) indicated that the sympatric distribution and the weak interspecific reproductive isolation may have facilitated the interspecific hybridization and led to higher diversification rate in subgenus Paphiopedilum.
The parametric rates comparison (PRC) analysis marginally supported a model with a higher diversification rate in the predominately pelagic focal clade relative to the remainder of the Cyt b gene tree (p = 0.06).
Diversity patterns in sesame (Sesamum indicum L). at the genomic level (neutral DNA markers) and at the metabolic level (nontargeted HPLC-MS profiles) differed, often showing a higher diversification rate at the metabolic level.
We also observe differences in rates between mammalian orders, with some showing higher diversifications rates at lower latitudes, and some others at higher latitudes.
Recent evidence suggests that insect pollinators were instrumental in the early radiation of angiosperms [9], whereas other interactions, such as seed dispersal mutualisms, were hypothesized to sustain high diversification rates in later Tertiary radiations [10].
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