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In addition, 13 subpopulations were observed in maize germplasm, 85 genetic regions with higher differentiation between TS and temperate maize germplasm, 197 highly differentiated regions between different subpopulation pairs, which contained some FT- related QTNs/QTLs/genes supported by GWAS and linkage analysis, and these regions were expected to play important roles in maize adaptation.
PTM-based interpretation also provides higher differentiation between closely correlated but distinct sources than obtained using PCA-based statistical comparisons.
However, for the leopard cat a higher differentiation between groups was obtained using the biogeographic approach that generated a FST of 0.86 (P<0.05) as compared to a FST of 0.32 (P<0.05) for the taxonomic categorization (Table 3).
This should contribute to a higher differentiation between the two species at this chromosome due to reduced recombination in the case of rare hybridization between the two species.
On the other hand, the proteome level is the closest to the phenotype, and our previous results [ 54] showed higher differentiation between ecotypes at the proteome level, that is around 7%.
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In particular, differential adaptation to freshwater and marine environments has led to high differentiation between freshwater and marine stickleback populations at the phenotypic trait of lateral plate morphology and the underlying candidate gene Ectodysplacin (EDA).
The pair-wise FST varied between 0.31 and 0.63, indicating high differentiation between sub-populations.
Changes in soil properties from 2003 to 2011 showed that the first amendment application of DO2 caused a high differentiation between all the amendment treatments and the NA treatment.
"Individual identification SNPs" have high heterozygosity while "ancestry informative SNPs" have high differentiation between populations commonly measured by FST.
However, the high differentiation between Eastern and Western groups, both pygmies and non-pygmies, cannot be disregarded.
All three (biogeographic, taxonomic and latitudinal) approaches showed high differentiation between the Southern Indian (F. c. kelaarti, S. Deccan, latitudinal range: 10 19.9o N) and the Upper Gangetic Plains/North East (F. c. affinis, Upper Gangetic Plains/North East, latitudinal range: 20 28.9o) populations, suggesting isolation by distance.
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