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Higher brain areas control more cognitive and learning functions, while lower brain areas control more motor functions.
It was found that birds with larger "higher" brain areas in relation to "lower" brain areas were able to learn dozens of different notes.
Dr. Nancy Minshew, a professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of Pittsburgh, argues that autism's core lies in higher brain areas, rather than in deeper structures that govern emotion.
Neuroscientists have found that humans are able to speak and to set and achieve complex goals because of the prolonged development of higher brain areas, such as the cortex and the frontal cortex in particular.
In those bird species that have greater capacity for song learning, it is likely that their higher brain areas were built up over their lower brain areas as a result of sexual selection.
Species whose lower brain areas were larger relative to their higher brain areas, and can produce only a handful of syllables or notes in their songs, include the tree pipit, the sand martin and the yellowhammer.
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Future studies on how olfactory and airflow information interact in different functional subdivisions of the MB should give us a better understanding of how the Drosophila MB, and higher associational brain areas in general, integrates and associates different sensory stimuli.
This suggests that perceptual learning does indeed involve higher nonretinotopic brain areas that enable location transfer [ 12, 28].
The receptor potential activates the Ca2+ channels in the basal pole of the cell that trigger the release of neurotransmitter onto afferent terminals (Glowatzki and Fuchs, 2002), so that sound information is conveyed to the higher auditory brain areas.
Reweighting, on the other hand, suggests that learning is associated with changes in the strength of connections between cortical sensory representations and mid- or high-level brain areas.
These reports, together with the observation of sparse and abstract representations in high order brain areas, suggest an influential role for individual neurons in brain function which has been largely disregarded so far.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com