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The deceleration of a supersonic flow to the subsonic regime inside a high-speed engine occurs through a series of shock waves, known as a shock train.
The acquisition of Germany-based designer MaK, formerly a member of the Krupp group, by Caterpillar in 1997 as MaK Motoren has boosted the valuable medium speed portfolio of the US-based high-speed engine specialist.
The German designer and enginebuilder MaK, formerly a member of the Krupp group, came under the umbrella of Caterpillar Inc. in 1997 as MaK Motoren, adding a valuable medium-speed portfolio to the US-based high-speed engine specialist's program.
In 1945 a bore of 400 mm-plus and a speed of around 400 rev/min were necessary; in 1970 typical medium-speed engine parameters resulted in a bore of 300 mm and a speed of 600 rev/min, while typical high-speed engine parameters were 250 mm and 1000 rev/min to yield 200 kW/cylinder.
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It has since come to be used for such industrial applications as driving air compressors, where small, light-weight, high-speed engines with mechanical simplicity are needed.
Its joint bid with Daimler, the Stuttgart-based car giant, for Tognum, a German manufacturer of high-speed engines, was accepted by Tognum's board on May 16th, after the offer was raised from €24 to €26 (£23, or $37) a share.
Several grades of diesel fuel are manufactured for example, "light-middle" and "middle" distillates for high-speed engines with frequent and wide variations in load and speed (such as trucks and automobiles) and "heavy" distillates for low- and medium-speed engines with sustained loads and speeds (such as stationary engines).
High-speed engines, with rated speeds of 900 to 1,200 revolutions per minute, are used in a few cases in ships, but engines of this class are almost always found in small craft such as tugs, fishing vessels, and high-speed ferries.
Marine high-speed engines traditionally tended to fall into one of two design categories: high-performance or heavy-duty types.
The understanding of the physics governing the shock train is vital for the improvement of the design of high-speed engines and the development of flow control strategies.
Where indirect injection is exploited, some high-speed engines retain a pre-chamber in the cylinder head into which fuel is injected as a relatively coarse spray at low pressure, sometimes using a single hole.
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