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According to the achievement of the typical high yield coefficient during the controlled phase, the 2D fluorescence spectrometer using the single signal of the NADH intensity has great potential to detect the metabolic change within 1.5 min and delivers instantaneous results to control the feed rate in real time.
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The biomass yield coefficient changed slightly at low 2C4NP concentrations, and the highest yield coefficient (0.505 mg/mg) was obtained at a 2C4NP concentration of 0.3 mM.
The linear model showed a relatively high product yield coefficient with a relatively low growth and maintenance coefficient compared to the exponential model.
This can be attributed to the higher product yield coefficient of the linear model compared to the exponential model which resulted in ethanol accumulating faster in the fermenter and rapidly reaching inhibitory levels, resulting in transient instabilities in the fermenter showed by the nonlinearity, Ingledew [10], Fengwu [5].
The ratios are often above 2 mol H2/mol acetic acid and, in the model, this comes out as a higher H2 yield coefficient parameter.
Chemostat experiments confirmed the high value of yield coefficient \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ Y_{\text{xs}}^{\text{app}} $$\end{document} observed in the batch culture.
While it can be seen that the biomass obtained was comparable to earlier studies, the Y. lipolytica strains used in this study produced higher lipid yield coefficients (0.22-0.31 g g-1 biomass) to those reported in literature (0.04- 0.14 g g-1 biomass) (toble6).
By amino acid supplements of the diluted complex medium very high concentration, productivity and yield coefficient of cephalosporin C were obtained.
High values of biomass yield coefficient were obtained both in batch and continuous cultures.
The value of biomass yield coefficient decreased at high 2C4NP concentration, likely due to that more energy was required to overcome the substrate inhibitory effect when the initial 2C4NP concentration was too high.
Compared to the processes reported earlier, higher values of PHA concentration, product yield coefficient and volumetric productivity were obtained.
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