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It follows from the common idea that the wicked deserve to suffer, and the saintly deserve to prosper, for to prosper is to have a relatively high welfare level.
Maybe this is better; but maybe, on the other hand, a situation in which someone who deserves a high welfare level gets exactly what he deserves is just as good as a situation in which someone who deserves a low (but still positive) welfare gets exactly what he deserves (2012, section 4.3).
When 10 units of welfare goes to someone highly deserving, someone who deserves a high welfare level, the value of that 10 units is "augmented," so that 10 units of welfare corresponds to a much larger number of units of value-for-the-world.
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Second, he finds that social programs in nations with high welfare levels usually include everyone.
2. The multiplier view might be more plausible if we say that Jones is 'more deserving' than Smith, but deny that this means that the welfare level Jones deserves is higher than the welfare level Smith deserves.
The high cardiovascular mortality of the Eastern and Central European countries is mostly explained by the risk factors such as high smoking rate and high alcohol comsumption, as well as the poor treatment quality and low welfare level [ 26].
It follows that any population consisting of people with very low welfare and desert level 100 has negative value, whereas any population with very high welfare has positive value.
Using projections by age, sex and level of education for 195 countries, the demographers conclude that the highest welfare would follow from long-term fertility rates of 1.5-1.8 1.5-1.8
And there has long been a theory in some quarters (notably, City Hall under a certain previous mayor) that high levels of welfare and other public assistance kept people from seeking jobs.
The most important argument for markets that builds on consequences, however, concerns their ability to deliver efficient outcomes and hence to create high levels of welfare.
All three countries are characterized by high levels of welfare state protection relative to the other EU-15 countries so that excluding them might bias the estimation of the "welfare magnet" effect.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com