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Upping the ante with high value rewards improves motivation and produces faster results.
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Another version of the spatial judgement bias task has been conducted using two positively valenced outcomes – a high value reward and low value reward, where the reward outcome was paired with texture of the floor (coarse or fine sandpaper) on the approach to either outcome (Brydges et al., 2011).
Thus, they apparently focus on obtaining higher value rewards to the detriment of obtaining more rewards of all quality.
Moreover, in situations in which tokens are given at the beginning of the trial and are not replenished, these primates return the tokens associated with higher value rewards first, thus ultimately limiting their acquisition of high-value foods (since they no longer possess the tokens necessary to acquire them).
Event-related potential (ERP) results indicated that high-value rewards (vs. low-value rewards) induced a greater centro-parietal P3 component associated with conscious and unconscious inhibitory control.
In our experiment, variance was fixed across reward levels, making the CV smaller for the decisions with high-value rewards.
This aversion, however, does not explain the trend towards risk seeking observed with the high-value rewards.
Individuals of both species learned about four options: two that led to high-value rewards and two that led to low-value rewards.
Pigeons and humans showed remarkably similar patterns of risky choice, with both species showing risk aversion for low-value rewards and a tendency towards risk seeking for high-value rewards.
These findings suggest that high-value reward may facilitate human higher-order inhibitory processes that are independent of conscious awareness, which provides insights into the brain processes that underpin motivational modulation of cognitive control.
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a major role in goal-directed behaviours, but it is unclear whether it plays a role in breaking away from a high-value reward in order to explore for better options.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com