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Palmisani et al. had a trial success rate of 88%% but removed 7/23 systems implanted due to lack of efficacy and Brewer et al. reported high trial success rates (89 %) but a long-term benefit in only 42 % CM patients [5, 29].
Of the 4820 (61%) patients who received chemotherapy, 34% were first seen in centres with high trial participation.
Despite the importance of achieving high trial participation rates, very few RCTs focus on recruitment strategies relating to cancer patients.
Our results have shown that the increased use of chemotherapy in high trial centres is not at the detriment of overall patient survival.
All trials obtained the maximum scores of 5/5 and 16/16 on these scales, indicating high trial quality and validity.
There were 44 NHS Trusts with >5% of expected lung cancer patients being entered into clinical trials, henceforth called centres with high trial participation.
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Given this high trial-rate with poor uptake, respondents were asked why they had discontinued its use.
Masquelier: "High trial-to-trial variability in response to repeated presentation of a same stimulus has been reported in every modality.
Similar to visual cortical neurons (Tolhurst et al., 1983; Shadlen and Newsome, 1998; Maimon and Assad, 2009), barrel cortex neurons respond with high trial-to-trial variability to passive sensory stimulation (Wang et al., 2010; Adibi et al., 2013).
These cells spiked strongly in response to prolonged current injections; had low accommodation, both in spike amplitude and inter-spike interval, and had high trial-to-trial spike-timing precision (low jitter; Figure 4A, blue point, left top corner).
The excellent rank statistical evidence specified in the BSES requires high trial-level association of treatment effects, high individual-level associations and high surrogate threshold effect proportion (STEP) between the surrogate endpoint and the true clinical endpoint.
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