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However, several combinations containing both CAG18439 (as recipient or donor) and pHSG299 revealed very high transfer frequency between 10 4 and 10 6.
The transfer frequency of pXM1 to E. coli J53 ranged from 9.4 × 10−3 to 1.14 × 10−2 per donor cell, a relatively high transfer frequency like pNDM-BJ01 which has been previously noted [ 20].
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However, high transfer frequencies were consistently obtained when other antibiotics, ampicillin, gentamicin and amikacin were used.
Three different donor to recipient ratios (5∶1, 1∶1 and 1∶5) were tested, the donor∶recipient (D∶R) ratio of 1∶1 yielded the highest transfer frequencies.
The highest transfer frequencies were found for fragments that contained more than two Chi-like sequences, thus, indicating that accumulation of these sequences could create "hot spots" for homologous recombination.
Matings of the nonproteolytic serotype B donor strain Eklund 17BCT11 and the recipient strain LNT01 were performed at 30°C, which is the optimal growth temperature for nonproteolytic C. botulinum strains, since higher transfer frequencies were observed at this temperature (data not shown).
High genes transfer frequencies were inferred for prokaryotic and early eukaryotic evolution.
The analysis of parental loci transmission revealed a higher transfer ratio of male-specific loci detected in F1 hybrids, suggesting that oilseed rape genetic markers can be transferred at relatively high frequencies to the next generation.
Tests show that the voltage transformer is able to transfer high frequency signals under 700 kHz and the current transformer under 400 kHz.
A small stiffness, however, would result in a large movement of the equipment which is limited by the static deflection requirement, while a great stiffness will transfer high frequency vibration.
Recent experimental evidence has shown that high frequency transfer of a streptomycin resistant R-plasmid from E. coli to Y. pestis can occur in flea midgut [17].
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