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A solid oxide fuel cell based on a proton-conducting electrolyte (SOFC-H+) is an attractive fuel cell technology because of its high theoretical efficiency.
The optimization is done for power consumption, thrust and specific impulse resulting in high theoretical efficiency ∼99% with corresponding high thrust-to-power ratios.
A high theoretical efficiency of 47.2% was achieved by a novel combination of In0.51Ga0.49P, GaAs, In0.24Ga0.76As and In0.19Ga0.81Sb subcell layers in a simulated quadruple junction solar cell under 1 sun concentration.
On the other hand, the transition energies in In(Ga As/GaAs QDs are quite different from the optimal values for the ideal IBSC, and high-efficiency QDSCs have not been realized yet, although a high theoretical efficiency of 52.8 % is still predicted [26].
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Although coaxial Si nanowire/nanorod p-n junction solar cells have high theoretical efficiencies, the cost of CVD growth of Si nanowires on Si substrates is high.
Recently, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) have attracted much interesting research attributed to their unique advantages involving low cost and high theoretical conversion efficiency [1 3].
For example, copper oxide (Cu2O) has been recognized as one of the promising photovoltaic materials due to its abundance, high absorption coefficient, low-cost fabrication, and high theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~20 % [6].
As an I-III-VI2 ternary semiconductor compound with a direct bandgap of 1.5 eV at room temperature, CuInS2 is a promising material for photovoltaic applications because of its low toxicity, high absorption coefficient, and high theoretical photovoltaic conversion efficiency (about 25%to30%0%) [1-3].
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have received a great attention as a new photovoltaic material due to their extraordinary optical and electrical properties (e.g., a tunable band gap and high molar extinction coefficient, respectively) as well as having high theoretical photovoltaic conversion efficiencies (up to 44%) [1 6].
Thus, higher compression ratios can be achieved with diesel engines than with the spark-ignition variety; commensurately, higher theoretical cycle efficiencies, when compared with the latter, can often be realized.
Lithium sulfur batteries have been considered as the promising candidates of high-energy rechargeable batteries due to the high theoretical energy density and cost-efficiency.
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