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To obtain a high supply rate of beneficial mutations, we introduce positive selection at high frequency, specifically at one site in every τ=1000 generations, which is faster than the rate of establishment.
The high supply rate of genetically and functionally redundant gene copies might be especially advantageous when the environment imposes immediate selection for increased gene dosage and gene expression [ 1].
For example, Strelkowa and Lässig [ 36] and Koelle et al. [ 40] raised alternative hypotheses concerning whether periodic positive sweeps in human influenza were due to a limiting supply of beneficial mutations, or by a high supply rate with competition between beneficial mutations limiting the fixation rate.
Simulations with a high supply rate of beneficial mutations (filled red circles) have large values of D3and strongly negative D2values, whereas simulations with a low supply rate of beneficial mutations and occasional instances of clonal interference tend to small positive values of D3with negative values of D2 filled blue circles).
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Fine-grained and finely laminated, aggrading and upstream crest migrating structures are thus transitional between direct fallout and tractional flow boundary processes, with the traction base not inhibited by high supply rates.
Mutations conferring resistance to low-dose antibiotics are often of high supply rates; whereas resistance to high-dose antibiotics, which is more medically relevant, may only be conferred by a combination of multiple mutations (Weinreich et al. 2006; Lozovsky et al. 2009; Read et al. 2011; Toprak et al. 2012).
Evolutionary rescue from extinction requires abundant genetic variation or a high mutation supply rate, and thus a large population size.
When severe stress is encountered, one route to evolutionary rescue is the high mutation supply rate provided by a large population.
Therefore, the signal processing chips show a high supply maximum rating or the resolution of the values has to be reduced.
At the highest oxygen supply rate, the values of FIO2 are close to 100 % with some ventilators.
Urease (COG0804), which hydrolyzes urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, was uniquely overabundant at the SCS surface (P = 3.21 × 10−18, ranked 18th), suggesting a higher urea supply rate in the SCS than other oceans.
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