Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has not been reported to be associated with a higher stricture formation rate (Kelley et al, 2004).
Two meta-analyses showed there is no evidence that the addition of sclerotherapy to VBL improves clinically relevant outcomes, including variceal rebleeding and death, and the combination led to higher stricture rates.
The enclosed wooden barn suggests an American rural community, Amish or Anabaptist, high on strictures, low on fun.
However, some high-grade strictures are refractory to dilation and stent placement with conventional methods.
However, this procedure can be difficult in complicated scenarios when the bladder has been removed with neoureteral reimplantations or high-grade strictures.
ERCP may be challenging or may fail in certain situations, including postsurgical anatomy, periampullary diverticula, ampullary tumor invasion, and high-grade strictures.
EUS cannot be performed adequately when the full extent of tumor cannot be assessed due to high-grade strictures.
Although its spatial resolution is less than that of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), an advantage of MRCP over ERCP, in addition to its noninvasiveness, is its ability to demonstrate the portions of the pancreatic and bile ducts proximal to obstructions and high-grade strictures.
Results indicate a high risk of stricture, impotence and incontinence if conventional early urethral realignment techniques are used.
The present patient had reflux esophagitis, had undergone long-term nasogastric tube placement, and did not receive PPIs, placing her at a high risk for stricture.
