Perhaps the costs for the wireless portion at either end are high — spectrum is finite, after all, and carriers pay dearly for the rights to use it.
Bell layered space-time architecture (BLAST) is a multi-antenna communication structure with high spectrum efficiency, and it has found wide applications in LANs and WLANs.
Spectrum-Efficient Optical Transport Networks (SE-OTN), the most important character of which is high spectrum efficiency due to flexible grid, have attracted much attention recently.
CPM (continuous phase modulation) has been widely used in the field of satellite communication, which has high spectrum efficiency and constant envelope.
To establish an overlaying ad hoc network in the presence of primary users, the medium access control (MAC) protocol shall achieve high spectrum utilization, avoid interfering the primary user and establish the link quickly.
The game theoretic DSA-driven MAC framework can fulfill merits of game theoretic DSA algorithms including high spectrum utilization, collision-free channel access for data communication, QoS and fairness support.
The 25-ns gate delay is chosen to avoid broadband thermal emission from the high-temperature plasma core and achieve high spectrum signal intensity with reasonable signal-to-noise ratio of the atomic emission lines.
One way of approaching the analysis is the unexpected resolution of dissonance, or unexpected concord between dissimilar objects, which includes what I describe as "spectral complexity". Bird's piece begins with bird-song at a high spectrum, before deep, lower-frequency saturation of sound is introduced around 0 10, until a shrill pitch (rather like whale-song) is introduced the 0.42 mark.
To address the 5G design target, the information theory suggests that there are predominantly three key approaches to achieving the several orders of magnitude increase in system capacity: ultra-dense networks (UDN), large quantities of new bandwidth, and high spectrum efficiency.
high spectrum efficiency.
It features low-latency data transmission and high spectrum efficiency.
