The 12 items (0 8 Likert scales with 0 indicating high self-management and 8 low self-management) cover four domains of patients' competency in relation to the self-management of their chronic condition (knowledge, coping, management of condition and adherence to treatment).
Anticipated outcomes for the intervention group when compared to the control group receiving usual care will include: Higher self-management practice scores; Higher self-efficacy levels; Higher knowledge scores.
It should also be acknowledged that higher self-management preferences should not be automatically viewed negatively, since many associated strategies (e.g., reducing substance use, increasing participation and physical activity) are endorsed by the community as a positive influence on mental health [ 36].
Future work may also be focused around making complex decisions – using creativity, leadership and high degrees of self management".
The periodontal health of this group of individuals with type-2 diabetes was poorer with increased duration of diabetes, higher levels of FBG, HbA1c and higher score of compliance to self management of diabetes.
19 With regard to patient management, mobile phone text messages have been demonstrated to induce positive behaviour changes in domains such as smoking cessation, physical activity and self management of high blood pressure, diabetes and asthma.
In 2015, the definition is expected to further expand to include a focus on improvements in quality, safety and efficiency, decision support for national high priority conditions, patient access to self management tools, access to comprehensive patient data, and improving population health outcomes.
Overall, internet-based interventions of this kind have considerable potential to deliver high quality self-management and psychoeducational support for mental health problems such as bipolar disorder at relatively low cost.
Elderly persons with higher proactive self-management capacities report higher levels of life satisfaction, positive affect, and well-being [ 6].
The intervention for booklet self management with telephone support incurred the highest cost.
Based on the review of the literature, we hypothesized that knowledge is associated with more positive attitudes, knowledge and attitudes are associated with higher levels self-management, and, in turn, more effective self-management is related to higher levels of QoL.
