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Psychodynamic therapies and especially interpersonal psychotherapy might significantly reduce depressive symptoms on the HDRS and increase the probability of remission compared with 'treatment as usual', but due to the high risk of systematic errors (bias) we cannot make any definite conclusions.
The strength of the evidence is very low and limited by the study design: a high risk of systematic bias, insufficient and partly inadequate reporting of predefined outcome values and few participants especially in the intervention group.
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We also evaluated how systematic reviews summarised the risk of bias across individual trials, how many systematic reviews included≥1 trial at high risk of bias, how many systematic reviews included≥1 trial at unclear risk of bias and how such assessments were interpreted in the abstract, discussion and conclusions section of the systematic review.
We did not elaborate on the matrix step IV in this example, since the available studies are not internally valid (high risks of both systematic and random error).
Overall, 75% (n=116/154) of systematic reviews had one or more trials at high risk of bias; of these 116 systematic reviews, the median proportion of trials per review at high risk of bias was 50% (IQR 31 89%).
21 These criteria have often been interpreted as criteria for screening for early stages of diseases, but they also apply to systematic screening for high risk of diseases.
The first sentence of this item should be changed to "was the systematic review at high risk of publication bias?" This revision would lead to evaluation based on authors' description of this risk (e.g., as high or low), even in SRs involving small numbers of studies.
First, patient selection in every eligible study was either at high risk of bias, or had concerns about applicability to our systematic review.
1-: Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a high risk of bias.
Each domain was assigned a low or high risk of bias, using the definitions provided in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins 2008).
1- Meta-analysis, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a high risk of bias.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com