Enhancing GDL through system structure: The major crash reductions due to GDL systems result from the protective restrictions during the initial two levels, which isolate novice drivers from the highest risk driving situations.
High-risk driving behaviors and accident-prone road sections can be identified based on the relationship between the trajectory and road geometry.
Parent-imposed driving restrictions on initial driving privileges can reduce exposure to high-risk driving conditions, thus reducing crash risk while teens' driving proficiency develops.
Under the CARS model, police developed tactics that focused on targeting high-risk driving behaviors, impaired drivers, and crash hotspot locations within the city.
Interestingly problem young drivers appear to have some insight into their high-risk driving, since they report significantly greater intentions to bend road rules in future driving.
Impact on Research, Practice, and Policy: These varying patterns of risk form the basis for graduated licensing systems, which are designed to promote low-risk and discourage high-risk driving.
The Checkpoints Parent-Teen Driving Agreement (Checkpoints P-TDA) was designed so that parents could initially impose strict limitations on teen driving in high-risk driving conditions (e.g., at night and with teen passengers) and gradually increase driving privileges over time as teens demonstrate responsible driving behavior.
In some of these high-risk driving situations, risk is elevated for drivers of all ages (e.g., late night driving), in others risk is elevated more for teens than adults (e.g., driving after consuming alcohol), and in others the risk is unique to teen drivers (e.g., having passengers).
Studies also suggest that binge drinkers have enhanced risk-taking behaviors in other domains, such as high-risk driving (45) and risky sexual intercourse (46).
Since on-road studies pose too high a safety risk, driving simulation provides a safe environment in which to objectively expose young drivers to challenging traffic situations and to examine their immediate reactions and behaviors.
First, this deal is at high risk of driving deforestation.
