CAL51 consists of a homogeneous population of cells with normal chromosomes even after the use of high resolution banding.
Cytogenetic G-banding and High – resolution banding techniques could detect other chromosome aberrations such as translocation or deletion in other chromosomes.
However, the resolution of the chromosomes was not high enough to determine the structural aberrations in cultured cells which was improved by the high resolution banding techniques using synchronized lymphocyte cultures established by Yunis in 1976 [ 11].
Besides unbalanced aberrations in patients, underlying chromosomal anomalies in those cases having balanced translocations with a history of recurrent miscarriages or having a deceased child with multiple congenital anomalies, have also been described by the use of the high resolution banding techniques.
Wavelet based fusion extracts spatial details from high resolution bands but its limitation lies in the fusion of curved shapes.
According to the theoretical models of the HVS, it is easy to know that the human eyes have different sensitiveness to the wavelet coefficients of low resolution band and high resolution bands [32, 33].
These models process water and nutrients as they move though different landscape elements and therefore have the potential for depicting both hotspots and hot moments of denitrification activity if they operate at sufficiently high resolution (Band et al. 2001; Haas et al. 2012; Tague 2009; Tague & Band 2004).
Indeed, the number of LHGRs (2,568) estimated for the human genome is in agreement with the maximum number (3,000) assessed by Yunis et al. [26] using experimental methods of high resolution bands.
Multispectral Band 2, 3 and 4 data at a 15 meter spatial resolution were generated by fusing with the higher resolution Band 8 data.
Indeed, it should be recalled here that the number of isochores estimated by us for the human genome, ~3200, is in agreement with the maximum number, 3000, of the highest resolution bands as assessed by Yunis et al. [ 32] and that the boundaries of isochores coincide with those of chromosomal bands as obtained at the resolution of 850 bands (see Figure 6 from ref. [ 5]).
Following slide preparation, various staining techniques such as classic staining (e.g., aceto-orcein, haematoxylin, Giemsa, Wright and Leishman stains) or banding techniques (e.g., Q-banding, G-banding, R-banding, C-banding, and high-resolution banding) (Calado et al. 2013; Moore and Best 2001; Wang et al. 2010) are used to stain chromosomes for different purposes.
