The high temperature in the photon-initiated plasma (15 000–20 000 K) as well as the high pressure (≥1 atm) of the precursor gases, are prerequisites for a high-rate synthesis of PC-diamond coatings.
The predominant fraction of intracellular APP is thought to be localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and early endosomes; the localization of APP to these biosynthetic organelles being partly explained by the very high rate of synthesis and turnover of this protein (t1/2 1 hr).
In contrast, Dieselzyme 4 continued at a high rate of synthesis, converting ~76% of the canola oil to biodiesel within 20 hours.
However, if the rate of degradation becomes higher (e.g., due to low energy status or high ROS production), such as that in the more oxidative fibers, this would require an increasingly high rate of synthesis to maintain the steady state.
This is an indication of the high rate of synthesis of new cell wall during seed development, and could also be an indication of the importance of specific cell wall components in co-ordinating gene expression programmes during embryo development [ 39], an effect observed in immature maize embryos [ 40].
The liver is one of the body compartments with the highest heme rate synthesis.
Hence, it should be possible to correctly assign samples with single base barcode sequencing errors, or to identify particular adapters with high rates of synthesis error [25].
High glutamine concentrations either resulting from high rates of synthesis or from uptake from the root medium are known to stimulate expression of the enzyme PEP-carboxylase, possibly as a means to supply 2-oxo acids, drawn from the TCA-cycle through amino acid synthesis [41].
The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER can occur during periods of high rates of synthesis, as occur during functional overload (Zhang & Kaufman, 2006).
