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For example, at any point in space and time, interacting populations may occupy any position within the range of the coevolutionary race depending on the temperature of populations: from the early stages of escalation with a high rate of reciprocal selection (hotspots), to low reciprocal selection and cost-induced de-escalation (coldspots).
The 3 groups were used to examine changes in gene expression between key stages in follicle development in 3 experiments; Experiment 1, gene expression in FR vs. AL broiler breeders was compared using microarray analysis of key stages of follicle development to determine the differences between birds with a low rate of follicle selection and birds with a high rate of follicle selection.
The results show that our method attains a high rate of correct selection of the most well-suited algorithm for the particular scene.
Recent studies have suggested that both demographic perturbations (e.g., Nielsen 2001; Przeworski 2002; Jensen et al. 2005; Nielsen et al. 2007) and ascertainment biases (Teshima et al. 2006; Thornton and Jensen 2007) likely contribute to a high rate of false inferences of selection in genomic scans.
Reflecting the signature of high purifying selection predominantly identified by the LRTs and BEB values, the conservation index indicates high rates of purifying selection across eutherian mammals (Fig. 2).
From this figure, we observe that among the selected routing protocols, DEEC has the highest rate of CH selection, since the CH selection in DEEC, DDEEC, and EDEEC is totally based on random number and threshold value and this criteria does not guarantee optimum number of CHs.
In Figure 7, we examine the performance of Algorithm 2 with very high rates of positive selection.
As expected, BEB results revealed high rates of purifying selection associated with regions thought to correspond to known conserved domains.
The antigenically-important E1/E2 genome region evolves particularly quickly, with correspondingly high rates of positive selection, as inferred using two related measures.
This is interpreted as evidence that the high rate of evolution demanded by sexual selection has itself selected for a higher mutation rate in species where selection is strongest.
These results suggest that the relatively low pleiotropy of embryonic heart enhancers, and their physical proximity to highly expressed genes, only partially accounts for their high rate of evolution and biases in selection.
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