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Here, I examine whether detection of a decrease in diversification rates using γ necessarily requires that a high rate of diversification occurred near the base of a tree.
This is consistent with the expectation that following an early, high rate of diversification, without extinction, there will be more lineages.
It is conceivable that the more distant populations show a higher degree of differentiation [43], especially as the two regions are located in an area well known for its high rate of diversification and speciation along mountain ranges [44] [45].
The power of γ to detect rate decrease at varying times was assessed for simulated trees with an initial high rate of diversification followed by a relatively low rate.
To examine the power of γ to detect a rate decrease, trees were simulated where an initial high rate of diversification was followed by a shift to a lower rate.
For example, although the risk of a major global pandemic of avian influenza has created widespread concern, vaccines designed to induce antibodies against H5 haemagglutinin are expected to possess little or no efficacy, given the high rate of diversification of H5N1 strains due to the antigenic drift caused by point mutation of genes [30] [33].
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Holometabolous development is widespread in the superorder Endopterygota and the success of the life history trait is reflected in the high rates of diversification of species that undergo complete metamorphosis [ 5].
Nevertheless, such diversification analyses would be the ideal new direction to explore in further studies that aim to detect a link between high rates of diversification and morphological adaptations to an arid environment in ice plants.
But, in the case of mammals, due to a higher rate of diversification in the function of the gene duplicates, it becomes more robust against dosage increase.
Essentially, our analysis reveals that most of the proteins produced from complexes are not part of the complex and this higher rate of diversification is not found in case of yeast.
As we primarily were interested to investigate if the synallaxine clade has an excessively higher rate of diversification compared to the background rate for the Furnariidae, we also calculated diversification rates for larger sub-clades nested within the synallaxines (the sub-clades for which diversification rates have been calculated are given in Table 1).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com