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However, it has been difficult to deposit high quality transparent conducting oxide thin films on plastic substrates due to their high process temperature.
Epitaxial graphene means thermal graphitization of a SiC surface which is another method of graphene synthesis, but the limitation of this method are high process temperature and inability to transfer on any other substrates.
Although thermal evaporation has been widely used for synthesizing nanoscale ZnS, both the extremely high process temperature and complex process control prevent the realization of high-performance ZnS-based sensors [16].
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A monodisperse model represents well aerosol dynamics at high process temperatures.
Seeking to reduce the cost due to high process temperatures, the impact of using higher catalyst content (25%) with a lower temperature (500 °C) was investigated.
However, ITO requires high process temperatures (greater than 200°C) in order to obtain these favorable characteristics.
We speculate that the abrupt peak broadening might be caused by a material decomposition at high process temperatures.
However, these techniques are only applicable to limited substrate sizes and require high process temperatures, which are prohibitive for many practical applications.
However, this technique requires high process temperatures in the range of 800 1000 °C which could cause serious volatility of the sulfur in the layers and the diffusion at the interface.
These mesoporous 3D structures are known as the typical structure for perovskite SCs, but they essentially need high process temperatures for their fabrication, hindering low-cost fabrication of perovskite SCs, especially on flexible plastic substrates.
However, the vacuum deposition and high process temperatures (greater than 300 °C) used to increase the surface energy of the metal can often limit its applications and are unfavorable for polymer-coated substrates.
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