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After centrifugation at 16,000 rpm for 30 min, the supernatant was loaded onto a 20-ml Phenyl Sepharose High Performance column that was equilibrated with buffer D (1 M (NH4 2SO4, 20 mM Tris-HCl/pH 7.5), and proteins were eluted with a 0 100% gradient (120 ml) of buffer A. Fractions containing the target protein, identified by SDS-PAGE, were dialyzed against buffer A overnight.
The soluble fraction was loaded onto a Ni-Sepharose high performance column (Amersham Biosciences) at 1 ml min− 1 on an ÄKTAprime (GE Healthcare).
(NH4 2SO4 was added to the protein fraction to a final concentration of 0.7 M and the mixture was applied to a phenyl sepharose (high performance) column (Amersham Biosciences) pre-equilibrated in buffer A containing 0.7 M (NH4 2SO4.
The cell suspension was sonicated five times for 30 s each and centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant was loaded onto a Ni-Sepharose™ high performance column (1 ml bed volume).
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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has recently benefited of new instrumentation, together with the availability of many ultra-high performance columns (sub −2 μm fully porous particles or sub −3 μm superficially porous particles), rendering it more attractive than ever.
Recombinant RaaS was purified by using a HiTrap 1-ml immobilized-metal affinity high-performance column (Amersham Biosciences).
The supernatant was incubated at 4 °C for 4 h with 500 μg of DHCR24 MoAb 2-152a immobilizedized on a HiTrap N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated high-performance column (Amersham Bioscience, Amersham, UK) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
For crystallization, protein was purified under nondenaturing conditions using Ni2+ sepharose high-performance columns (GE Healthcare) followed by size-exclusion chromatography on Superdex 75 (GE Healthcare), using 150 mM NaCl and 20 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.5) as a running buffer.
The protein was either concentrated at this stage and exchanged into 20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT, and 10% glycerol, snap-frozen and stored at −80°C, or purified by ion exchange at pH 7.2 on either HiTrap SP High-Performance columns (GE Healthcare) or Pierce Strong Ion-exchange Spin Columns (Thermo Scientific), according to manufacturer's instructions.
A first-dimension high performance chromatofocusing column (Beckman Coulter, CA, USA) was pre-equilibrated with starting buffer (20 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.5) until column pH reached 8.3.
The proteins were then subjected to another round of purification by separating them on a High Performance Q column (GE).
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